Meat Goat Breeds - Meat Goats
Meat Goat Breeds
Demand for high-quality, lean, healthy red meat is a major driving force behind the growth of the U.S. meat goat industry. With a growing base of ethnic consumers, the demand for goat meat in the United States continues to grow every year. Imports of goat meat into the United States are estimated at more than $30 million annually. More than half of the goat meat consumed in the United States comes from feral goats imported from Australia.
History of Meat Goats
Before the early 1990s, most goat meat in the United States came from unwanted male dairy goats and Spanish or Spanish cross goats. A growing number of ethnic immigrants and a growing demand for high-quality, healthy, lean red meat created a demand for goat meat that American producers could not meet. The arrival of the South African Boer goat in the early 1990s, along with the collapse of the goat fiber market, ushered in a period of growth as producers began crossing their fiber and other goats with Boers, resulting in A heavy muscled goat was produced. more meat. Despite the growth of the American meat goat industry, goat meat imports into the United States today are still estimated at more than $30 million annually, and more than half of the goat meat consumed in the United States is imported from Australia.
Meat Goats
Goat meat is either called cabrito or shaved. Cabrito is from babies slaughtered within the first week of birth. Chevron is from the big kids. Goat meat is leaner than chicken and other red meats, lower in fat and cholesterol and is a source of conjugated linoleic acid. The total number of meat goats in 2016 (NASS) was 1.3 million.
Meat Goats In The World - Meat Goat Breeds
Spanish Goats
When Spanish explorers came to North America, they brought goats for meat. Some of these goats either survived or were abandoned when alternative sources of meat were discovered. These feral goats became well-known as "Spanish" or "brush goats". Although not descended from a specific species, they have evolved through natural selection. These goats have never received much documented attention, so the history is difficult to confirm, but the Spanish goats in this country have shown their DNA to be of Iberian origin. The term is also used to describe a goat of unknown origin. Most are wild or at least semi-wild. Size varies greatly due to climate, terrain, and available breeding stock. Body shape, ear shape, horns, hair, and color are impermanent.
For the next two centuries, goats were used for milk, meat, hair and hides. They survived well with minimal management, and those that became wild survived without human management at all. They also adapted well to their regions, and natural selection was the norm, creating a breed of goat that was an exceptionally well-adapted survivor.
Goats were the last animal to capture the interest of large-scale livestock breeders and commercial markets. Cows and sheep were the focus of attention, followed by pigs and chickens. Spanish goats thus survived the highly popular and industrial livestock management practices of the 19th and 20th centuries. In this country, in 1840, a goat was still just a goat.
Boer Goats
The development of the Boer goat can be traced back to Dutch farmers in South Africa in the early 1900s. Boer is a Dutch word meaning farmer. By setting selection criteria with meat production, Dutch farmers developed the Boer goat as a unique breed of cattle. Boer goat has fast growth rate, excellent carcass characteristics and is highly adaptable to different environments. Through subsequent decades of selective breeding, the Boer goat achieved its genetic superiority and nobility, laying the foundation for the improved Boer goat and the American Boer goat of today.
The first full-blooded Boers were brought to the United States in 1993. Since then, there has been a great interest in breeding Boer and Boer-influenced goats in the United States. South Africans carefully selected and bred goats to produce the traditional Boer goat, which is a goat with a white body and red hair. There are also grade Boer goats that can be solid red or white, or painted or dappled. Although most of them can be registered with Boer breed associations in the US, only traditional ones can be registered in South Africa. Docility, high fertility, and rapid growth rates are some of the characteristics that set the Boer goat apart in the purebred and commercial segments of the American meat goat industry. Mature does can weigh between 190-230 lb and mature boar bucks can weigh between 200-340 lb.
Kiko Goats
The kiku goat was developed for meat production in the North South Island of New Zealand in the 1980s by Garrick and Anne Batten of Nelson. Batten selected local feral goats with imported dairy goats, i.e. from the Nubian, Saanin and Tugenberg breeds, aiming for hardiness, fast growth and survival with little input from the producer. Kiku is from the Maori word meaning meat or flesh.
After four generations of selective breeding – selection based on survival and growth rates in the hill country environment – dramatic improvements in live weight and animal performance were achieved. By 1986 the kiko breed was established and the herd was closed for further crossbreeding. Within New Zealand, the control of the this special breed remained with the original developers. Kikos were exported to the United States in 1992, where breeders were trying to improve meat production by crossing them with native Spanish goats.
The kiko breed was slow to catch on in the United States, but has gained popularity in recent years, especially in the Southeast and other humid regions, due to its good parasite resistance and mothering.
Mytonic Goats
The myotonic goat (often called the fainting goat) is a landrace breed. The first documentation of their presence in America occurred around the 1870s when a transient farm worker named John Tinsley appeared on the farm of Dr. H. H. Mayberry in Marshall County, Tennessee. "No one knows where he came from. He had a strange accent and wore a fez or beret-like hat. He was believed to have come from Nova Scotia and carried three or four dozes and a "unique " came with a penny of stress. Tinsley was a quiet, private person and never shared his origins or ownership of his animals. He one day sold the animals to Dr. Mayberry. Suddenly gone. This is the best document of the breed's origin.
Myotonic goats are docile, curious and friendly. They are self-sufficient, sure-footed and adaptable. They are not fence jumpers or climbers. Are excellent mothers, very protective of their children, and easy children. A 200% prank ratio is not unusual. Well-attached compact udders produce milk "on demand". Research completed at Virginia State and Virginia Tech universities has shown that these sustainable, self-sufficient pasture animals are more parasite resistant than other breeds. Myotonics are "year-round" (seasonal) breeders.
Myotonia congenita; Myotonic Congenita is a medical term that describes stiffness. Myotonia is an inherited neuromuscular condition that causes goats' muscles to stiffen or "lock up" when they are startled or overexcited. If they are out of balance when their muscles are locked they will tip over, thus conditions nervous goats, unconsciousness, or stiffness. These goats will still be chewing their fodder/grass if they startle and lose balance. Myotonia occurs in the muscle fibers...not as a function of the central nervous system....and does not pose a problem for goats. Goats are conscious all the time......hence the term "unconscious" is a misnomer. The proper name for these special meat animals is "myotonic".
Savanna(h) Goats
The white savannah goat breed was developed from indigenous goats of South Africa. Various farmers have raised white Boer goats in South Africa for many years. One of the advantages of these white goats was that the white color prevailed over other colors. Another reason is that white goats are in high demand for slaughter due to various reasons. In 1957, Cilliers and Sons on the banks of the River Vaal became the most famous breeder of this breed of meat goat.
In rugged, rugged bush country where temperatures and rainfall can vary significantly, natural selection played a major role in the development of these fertile, easy-care, heat- and drought-resistant animals. These goats have thick, flexible hides with short white hairs. Savannahs have excellent reproduction, muscle development, good bones and strong legs and hooves. Although these goats have white hair, they are selected for completely black skin, horns, hooves and all bare skin to avoid injury from strong ultraviolet rays.
The original importers of the Savannah into the United States maintained the development of natural selection and continued to breed hardy meat goats. He noted that half of the Savannah goats rise quickly after birth and feed faster than their other goats. The Savannah breed is relatively new to the United States, having been imported in the late 1990s. The breed is a large-framed, very well-muscled goat with a few dark spots on the white ears. The body features are similar to that of a Boer goat. This breed is very adaptable and is successful on wide pastures as well as deep pastures.
The Savannah is not a seasonal breeder, and mating can usually be done at a time that will ensure that sufficient food is available during mating. The savannah goat is a highly fertile and fecund species, and high rates of twinning are usually achieved, even under optimal conditions.
Savannah weathers have a good growth rate and are an early to medium maturing variety that produces carcasses with good firmness.
It has very good mothering ability and milk production and produces fast growing cubs. Best of all, they require little handling and maintenance due to their resistance to disease and limited hoof problems.
Texmaster Goats
Twenty years ago Onion Creek Ranch began crossing their Tennessee Meat Goat™ quality Myotonic Bucks to Boer and Boer/myotonic crosses in an effort to produce meat goats for commercial producers. After several generations of crossing, the TexMaster™ breed was developed. TexMasterTM goats require less maintenance and better feed utilization. These goats have excellent mothering skills, and the kids are born and find teats within minutes of birth.
The TexMasterTM breed is significantly Myotonic, with enough boar to add a bit of growth spurt. They are hardy and parasite resistant.
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